BASICS

Here I would like explain more on basic concepts from .net framework . 

.NET Framework:

The .NET Framework is a popular development platform for building apps for Windows, Windows Store, Windows Phone, Windows Server, and Windows Azure. The .NET Framework platform includes the C# and Visual Basic programming languages, the common language runtime, and an extensive class library.

CLR:

Full form of the CLR is Common Language Runtime .its forms the heart of the .net frame work .All language have runtime and it is the responsibility of the runtime to take care of the code execution of the Program. For example we have VC++ has MSCRT40.DLL,vb6 has MSVBVM60.DLL and java has Java virtual Machine  and similarly .NET has CLR .The Following are the Responsibilities of the CLR.

CAS: 

Code Access Security grants the right to Program depending on the security Configuration of the machine. For Example program has right to create/Edit new file, but security configuration of the machine doesn’t allow the Program to delete the file.CAS will take care of the code runs under Environment of the security.

Code Verification: 

This ensures proper code execution and type safety while code runs. Its prevents the source code to perform illegal operations such as accessing invalid memory Location.  

IL: CLR Uses the JIT, compiler the IL code to machine code, and then executes.CLR also determines depending on platform what is optimized way of running the IL code.

CTS:  

In order to communicate with the other languages smoothly, CLR has common type system for example In Vb.net you have “Integer” and in c++  you have “Long” interfacing these are very complicated.In Order that to these two different languages communicate Microsoft introduced CTS, so  “Integer “data type in Vb and “Int” Data Type in c++ will convert  it to system.int32 which is data type of CTS ,CLS.

CLS: 

This is Subset of CTS; Microsoft has released a small set of specifications that each language should meet to qualify as .net complaint Language .As IL is very rich Language, it is not necessary for languages to implement all the functionality, rather it merely needs to meet a small set of the CLS to Qualify the .net complaint Language .CLS Basically address the language design issues and lays down certain standards There should not be global function declaration ,No Pointer, No Multiple, Inheritance

FCL:

.NET Framework provides the a huge framework Class Library        for Common, usual tasks.FCL Contains thousand of classes to provide access to Windows API common function like string manipulations and common data structures IO ,streams ,Threads and Security ,Network programming ,Windows Programming, Web Programming, data access, you can even apply the Polymorphism and inheritance .

Garbage collector,How it works:

Garbage collector is feature that provided by the CLR which helps us to clean unused manage objects basically reclaim memory, Gc runs Background threads continuously checks there are any unused object,Gc clean only Unused managed objects, It is not going to clean Unmanaged objects. ,attached to GC we have one more Concepts called generation 0,1,2 from the GC Prospective .as soon as application create new fresh objects are moved to bucket called  Generation0 

Gen 0, 1, 2 helps to increase performs, we can check the perform using managed object using CLR Profiler.